A fagen aikin injiniyan sinadarai, samun ingantacciyar hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna da hanyoyin tsarkakewa yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.Ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin da babu makawa a cikin wannan filin shine sashin hakar da tattarawa.Wannan naúrar ci-gaba tana haɗa nau'ikan fasaha don cirewa, ware da tattara abubuwan da ake so daga gaurayawan.Ƙungiyar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antu daban-daban, tun daga magunguna zuwa tace man fetur.
Babban ka'idar aiki na sashin hakar da maida hankali shine zaɓi narkar da ɗaya ko fiye da abubuwan da ake so daga cakuda ta amfani da kaushi mai dacewa.Wannan tsari yana da amfani musamman lokacin keɓance mahadi masu ƙima daga hadaddun gaurayawan, saboda yana ba da damar fitar da nau'in nau'in da ake so.Ta hanyar amfani da kaushi daban-daban, yanayin zafi, matsa lamba da dabarun rabuwa, injiniyoyi na iya haɓaka aikin hakar don mafi girman inganci.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin yin amfani da sashin hakar da tattarawa shine ikon zaɓin cire abubuwan haɗin gwiwa yayin barin abubuwan da ba'a so a baya.Wannan zaɓin yana ba da damar rarrabuwa na mahadi masu mahimmanci daga ƙazanta, wanda ke haifar da samfuran ƙarshe masu tsafta da mai da hankali sosai.Misali, a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana amfani da raka'o'in hakar don raba kayan aikin magunguna masu aiki (APIs) daga tsirrai ko wasu hanyoyin halitta.Wannan yana ba da damar samar da magunguna masu inganci tare da ƙarancin ƙazanta.
Wani muhimmin fa'ida na hakar da raka'o'in tattarawa shine haɓaka haɓakar hanyoyin sinadarai.Ta hanyar tattara abubuwan da ake so, injiniyoyi suna rage ƙarar maganin cirewa, wanda ke rage buƙatun sarrafawa na gaba.Wannan haɓakawa yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi, amfani da sauran ƙarfi da ƙimar samarwa gabaɗaya.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwaƙƙwarar hanyoyin magance sau da yawa suna haɓaka matakai na ƙasa kamar crystallization ko distillation, ƙara haɓaka yawan aiki da rage farashi.
Hakowa da maida hankali raka'a yi amfani da daban-daban hakar dabaru kamar ruwa-ruwa hakar (LLE), m-lokaci hakar (SPE) da supercritical ruwa hakar (SFE), dangane da kaddarorin na sinadaran da ake so sakamakon.LLE ya ƙunshi narkar da abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin matakai na ruwa maras misaltuwa, yawanci sauran ƙarfi mai ruwa da ruwa da sauran kaushi.SPE yana amfani da matrix masu ƙarfi kamar carbon da aka kunna ko silica gel don zaɓar abubuwan da ake so.SFE yana amfani da ruwa sama da mahimmin batu don haɓaka haɓakar hakar.Kowace fasaha yana da amfani kuma an zaba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bukatun tsarin.
Baya ga hakar, yanayin maida hankali na na'urar yana da mahimmanci daidai.Ana samun ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar cire sauran ƙarfi daga maganin hakar, barin ko dai bayani mai mahimmanci ko saura mai ƙarfi.Wannan matakin yana tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata suna kasancewa a cikin ƙima mafi girma, yana sauƙaƙa su don ƙarin aiki ko nazari.Dabarun da ake amfani da su don maida hankali sun haɗa da evaporation, distillation, bushe-bushe, da tace membrane, da sauransu.
Evaporation hanya ce ta ko'ina da ake amfani da ita don tattara mafita.Bayan dumama, sauran ƙarfi yana ƙafewa, yana barin ma'auni mai mahimmanci.Wannan tsari yana da amfani musamman ga sassan barga na thermal.A gefe guda, ana amfani da distillation lokacin da wurin tafasa na sauran ƙarfi ya yi ƙasa da na abin da ake so.Distillation yana raba kaushi daga sauran abubuwan da aka gyara ta hanyar dumama da murƙushe tururi.Daskare-bushe yana amfani da daskare-narkewar hawan keke da rage matsa lamba don cire kaushi, barin busasshen samfur.A ƙarshe, tacewa membrane yana amfani da maɓalli masu ƙyalli don ware sauran ƙarfi daga abubuwan da aka tattara.
A ƙarshe, hakar da kuma maida hankali sassan suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai daban-daban na sinadarai a masana'antu daban-daban.Naúrar ta haɗa dabarun haɓaka kamar LLE, SPE da SFE don zaɓin cire abubuwan da ake so daga cakuda.Bugu da ƙari, yana amfani da dabaru daban-daban na tattara hankali, gami da evaporation, distillation, bushewar bushewa da tacewa na membrane, don ƙara yawan abubuwan da ake so.Don haka, rukunin yana ba da damar rarrabuwar kawuna mai inganci kuma mai tsadar gaske da tsarin tsarkakewa, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar samfuran ƙima.Ko a masana'antar harhada magunguna, tace mai ko wasu masana'antun sinadarai, hakowa da raka'a tattarawa kayan aiki ne da babu makawa a cikin neman nagartaccen aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-23-2023